Egypt: A strategy for educational reform     

Ahmed Fathy Sorour 《Prospects》1997,27(4):637-644

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The major players in adaptive immunity     

Asma Ahmed  Banishree Saha  Anand Patwardhan  Shwetha Shivprasad  Dipankar Nandi 《Resonance》2009,14(5):455-471

How do we remain healthy, for the most parts, in the midst of an environment teeming with opportunistic and infectious microbes, potential carcinogens and allergens? The fact is that our immune system, by and large, does a fine job in protecting us. It is therefore important to understand the organization of the immune network, which is broadly categorized into two groups: innate and adaptive. Cells involved in innate immunity are the first to come into contact with invading microbes, similar to the border security force, and respond rapidly but in a non-specific manner. On the other hand, the cells involved in adaptive immunity are slower to respond but act in a very specific manner. Though the primary response is slow, the secondary response is much faster and demonstrates memory. This article will focus on some important features and key players involved in the adaptive immune response. The first part deals with the humoral immune response mediated mainly by immunoglobulins produced by the B cells. The second part deals with T cells, the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-encoded molecules, and Recombination Activating Genes (RAG) responsible for generating diverse B-cell receptors (BCR) and T-cell receptors (TCR). With the advent of newer and smarter infectious agents, it is important to understand the working of the immune network as more research in this area may facilitate the development of better protective strategies.  相似文献   

Prior knowledge in mathematics and study success in engineering: informational value of learner data collected from a web-based pre-course     

Katja Derr  Reinhold Hübl  Mohammed Zaki Ahmed 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2018,43(6):911-926

The article describes the development and evaluation of a web-based pre-course in mathematics, delivered to four cohorts of engineering students at a German university. Based on demographic, personal, and learning-related data relationships between students’ preconditions, their learning gains in the pre-course, and study success in the degree programme were analysed. The results support the existing literature in that domain-related prior knowledge and secondary school achievement play a dominant role regarding study success in engineering. The analyses also showed that the influence of cognitive predictors could only be compensated for by a strong learner engagement. At-risk students with high pre-course learning gains showed significantly better first-year performance. The number of self-tests a student attempted was positively related to pre-course learning gains and even to first-year performance, suggesting that this variable is a good indicator of student engagement.  相似文献   

Possible Role of microRNA-122 in Modulating Multidrug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma     

Shaymaa M. M. Yahya  Shadia A. Fathy  Zakaria A. El-Khayat  Safinaz E. El-Toukhy  Ahmed R. Hamed  Marwa G. A. Hegazy  Heba K. Nabih 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(1):21-30

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hypervascular primary liver cancer characterized by rapid progression, besides, resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. It has been shown that microRNAs play critical roles in regulation of tumor cell sensitivity to drugs through modulating the expression of genes involved in drug transport. The present study investigated whether restoration of miR-122 in HCC cells could alter the cell cycle distribution and the expression of multidrug resistance (MDR)-related genes (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2 and ABCF2). After overexpression of miR-122 in HepG2 cells treated or untreated with doxorubicin doses, total RNAs and protein extracts were isolated for application of QRT-PCR and western blotting techniques. Moreover, cell cycle distribution was monitored by flow cytometry. Our results revealed that, the over expression of miR-122 in HepG2 cells treated or untreated with doxorubicin could modulate the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapeutic drug through downregulation of MDR-related genes, ABCB1 and ABCF2. Interpretation of cell cycle distribution revealed that, the anti-proliferative effect of miR-122 is associated with the accumulation of cells in G₀/G1 phase. Moreover, treatment with miR-122 and doxorubicin resulted in high percentage of HCC cells in G₀/G1 phase. Taken together, our findings revealed that, overexpression of miR-122 inhibited HCC cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and this arrest is associated with down-regulation of MDR-related genes.  相似文献   

Social Narrative Strategies to Support Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder     

Christan Grygas Coogle  Siddiq Ahmed  Mohammed Abdulaziz Aljaffal  Manal Yousef Alsheef  Hamad Ali Hamdi 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2018,46(4):445-450

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Learning orientations of IT higher education students in UAE University     

Nabeel Al-Qirim  Ali Tarhini  Kamel Rouibah  Serhani Mohamd  Aishah Rashid Yammahi  Maraim Ahmed Yammahi 《Education and Information Technologies》2018,23(1):129-142

This research examines the learning preferences of students in UAE University (UAEU). The uniqueness of this research emanates from the fact that no prior research examined this area from the UAE’s perspective. Thus, this research embarks on the fact that student learning strategies vary from one country to another due to many factors. This research utilizes six learning strategies extended from the literature and attempts to examine their importance on UAEU students using survey research. The selected learning strategies were students” motivation, time-poorness, mastery effort, assessment focus, competitiveness, and listening. This research provided interesting insights and contrasts pertaining to the learning strategies of UAEU students. Implications are discussed highlighting different theoretical as well as professional contributions and contentions and portrayed a path where pending issues could be addressed by future research.  相似文献   

Efficacy of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-10 Analysis in the Follow-up of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression     

Walid E. Zahran  Kholoud A. Salah El-Dien  Philip G. Kamel  Ahmed Shawky El-Sawaby 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(2):141-146

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation during acute phase reactions. The current study was designed to investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) along with the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) during progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in diabetic patients, and correlate the levels of cytokines with the progression of NAFLD. Fifty-two diabetic patients compared to 18 healthy controls were participated in this study. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups: simple steatosis, NASH and fibrosis. Serum liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, bilirubin, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-10 and lipid profile were measured. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to control subjects with a significant positive correlation with body mass index and fasting blood glucose (FBG) but with negative correlation with IL-10. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower in NAFLD patients compared with controls. A positive correlation between IL-10 and HDL-C with concomitant negative correlation between IL-10 and FBG and triacylglycerides was found. Cytokine analyses showed that there was a prominent imbalance between TNF-α and IL-10 in patients with NAFLD, and this imbalance increase by increasing the progression of NAFLD especially in obese diabetic patients. TNF-α and IL-10 could be used in diagnosis and follow-up of NAFLD stages in a way to avoid liver biopsies in greater proportion of patients.  相似文献   

The planning crisis and the limitations of external aid     

Manzoor Ahmed 《Prospects》1977,7(2):195-203

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A qualitative analysis of context-aware ubiquitous learning environments using Bluetooth beacons     

Sohaib Ahmed  Sameena Javaid  Moazzam Fareed Niazi  Anzar Alam  Adnan Ahmad  Murad Ali Baig 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2019,28(1):53-71

The use of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons is becoming widespread for context-aware learning environments. This technology can be used in indoor and outdoor settings such as museums, shops, home and schools in order to identify the location of learners and their contexts. Specifically, in the constructivist view of learning, learners can use such sensing technology for constructing knowledge and experiencing learning at any time, anywhere. However, exploration of such technology has been limited in the constructivist context-aware ubiquitous learning (U-learning) literature. For this purpose, the authors evaluated two android-based U-learning applications: one was an outdoor learning environment in a garden, the other was about locating books in a library. The applications were implemented and tested with school and university students. The qualitative results are presented in this article, and show how such sensing technology is promising for both pedagogical environments.  相似文献   

Family contexts of television     

Leichter  Hope Jensen  Ahmed  Durre  Barrios  Leoncio  Bryce  Jennifer  Larsen  Eric  Laura  Moe 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1985,33(1):26-40

Educational technology research and development -  相似文献